高一下册 英语 17单元 复习资料
高一英语下册 Unit17.
1． inspire vt. 1. 鼓舞,激励,驱使
His speech inspired us to try again.他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。
The scientists inspired us to study harder.科学家们鼓励我们更加努力地学习。
Her words inspired us with hope.他的话给我们以希望。
2. 赋予...灵感,给...以启示
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.美丽的景色使作曲家灵思泉涌。
The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to write their great poetry.
西子湖的美景给许多诗人创造伟大诗歌的灵感。
3. 激起,唤起(感情,思想等)[(+in/with)]
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
4. 引起,产生;煽动
The riot was inspired by extremists.暴乱是由极端主义者鼓动的。
vi.1. 吸气2. 赋予灵感
⑴inspired a. 有创造力的；受灵感启发的
The artist told me that was an inspired work of art.
⑵inspiring a. 鼓舞人的；给人以灵感的
It is inspiring that our team has won the game.我们队赢了，真是令人振奋。
⑶inspiration n.[U]鼓舞；激励；灵感；[C]鼓舞人心的人（或事）
These events provided the inspiration for her first novel.这些事给了她创造第一部小说的灵感。
She is an inspiration to all who knows her.她的事迹鼓舞着所有了解她的人。
2．Admire vt.1. 钦佩;欣赏[(+for)]
We admire her for her diplomatic tact.我们佩服她的外交手腕。
We admired him all the more for his frankness.他的率直使我们对他更加敬佩。
He admires your poems very much.他非常欣赏你的诗。
2. 称赞,夸奖
He admired her new hat.他称赞她的新帽子。
3. (常用作反语)对...不胜佩服
3． Generous a. 1. 慷慨的,大方的[(+with/in/to)]
She is generous in giving help.她乐于助人。
He was generous to everybody with money.他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。
2. 宽宏大量的,宽厚的[(+to/towards)]
He is generous towards his subordinates.他待部属很宽厚。
3. 大量的;丰富的;丰盛的
She gave me a generous lunch.她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。
4. mean a. 1. 吝啬的,小气的[(+about/over/with)]
Her husband is very mean about money.她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
2. 卑鄙的,心地不好的[(+to)] That was a mean trick! 那是一个卑劣的诡计!
vt.
1. (言词等)表示...的意思[+(that)] What does the phrase mean?这短语是什么意思?
2. 意指,意谓[+(that)][+wh-] I realized what he meant.我明白他的意思了。
By "the cities" I mean the big cities in particular.我所说的"城市"主要是指大城市。
Don't think I am joking; I mean business.不要以为我是在开玩笑,我可是当真的。
3. 意欲,意图,打算[+to-v][O1][O2] I mean her no harm.我无意伤害她。
Do you mean to go without money?你想身无分文就走吗?
4. 意味;有...的意义[+(that)][+v-ing][(+to)]
To a certain extent, to raise wages means increasing purchasing power.在一定程度上,提高工资意味着增加购买力。
5. 指定;预定[H][(+for)][+to-v] The apartment was originally meant for five. 这套房间本来是准备给五口人住的。
Vi 1. 用意
5． tense a. 1. 拉紧的,绷紧的
The ropes are tense.这些绳子是拉紧的。
2. (心理或神经)紧张的;引起紧张的The situation suddenly became tense.局势突然变得紧张起来。
The defendant was extremely tense.被告极为紧张。
vt. 1. 使拉紧,使绷紧;使紧张[(+up)]All his muscles were tensed.他的肌肉全都绷紧了。
vi. 1. 拉紧,绷紧;变得紧张[(+up)]She tensed at the approaching footsteps.她听到越来越近的脚步声马上紧张了起来。
tense a.
1. 【语】(动词的)时态,时式[C][U]
Change this verb from the present into the past tense. 把这个动词从现在时改为过去时
6. dull a. 1. (色彩等)不鲜明的,晦暗的;无光泽的
2. 不明显的,隐约的,模糊的He had a dull pain in the chest.他胸部隐隐作痛。
3. (天气等)阴沉的,昏暗的It's very dull today but I don't think it'll rain.今天天气很阴暗,但我认为不会下雨。
4. 乏味的,单调的,令人生厌的The story is dull.这个故事乏味得很。
5. 愚钝的,笨的;迟钝的,不敏感的All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 6. 钝的,不锋利的 7. 不活跃的,呆滞的
vt. 1. 弄钝;使迟钝
His hearing was dulled by age.他的听觉因上了年纪而变得迟钝了。
2. 使阴暗 3. 缓和;减轻(痛苦等);使不活跃
vi. 1. 变得迟钝 2. (兴趣,痛苦等)减少;减轻
7. threaten vt.
1. 威胁,恐吓;扬言要[(+with)][+to-v][+that] 常用threaten sb. with sth."以……恐吓某人"；和threaten to do sth.威胁说要做……He threatened to call the police.他威胁着要叫警察。
He threatened me with a knife.他用刀威胁我。
2. 预示,是...的征兆;有...的危险[+to-v]Dark skies threatened rain.天空发黑预示要下雨。
vi. 1. 威胁,恐吓I don't mean to threaten.我没有威胁的意思。
2. 似将发生,可能来临
n. 恐吓；威胁；前兆；既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。
He is not afraid of threat(s).他不畏惧恐吓。 Terrorism is a threat to the whole world.
⑵threatening anj. 恐吓的；威胁的 He received a threatening letter.他收到了一封恐吓信。
8. regret vt.
1. 懊悔;因...而遗憾[+v-ing][+that] I regret that you see it like that. 你这样看待这件事,我很遗憾。
I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
I regret the loss of her friendship.我为失去她的友谊而遗憾。
2. 痛惜;哀悼;思念I regret his death.我对他的逝世痛惜不已。
3. 为...抱歉,遗憾 [+to-v][+that] I regret to say that I am unable to help you.很抱歉,我爱莫能助。
vi.1. 感到后悔;感到抱歉;遗憾
Those who have not bought insurance are now regretting.那些没有买保险的人现在后悔了。
n. 1. 懊悔,悔恨;抱歉,遗憾[U][C][(+at/for)]Shelley had no regrets for his actions.雪莱对他的行为一点都不感到后悔。
He felt no shame and no regret.他既不感到羞愧也不感到遗憾。
2. 哀悼,悲叹[U][(+over)]
He expressed regret over the death of your father.他对你父亲的逝世表示哀悼。
3. 表示谢绝的短柬[P]
Tommy sent his regrets.汤米寄来了他的谢绝函。
Please accept my regrets at having to refuse.恳辞,谨致歉意。
9. value n. 1. 重要性,益处[S][U]
This dictionary is of little value to you.这本词典对你没有什么帮助。
2. 价值;价格[C][U] The value of the dollar may fall.美元的币值可能下降。
3. 等值;等价物[U] This car is good value for your money.这辆汽车你买得很合算。
4. 价值观,价值基准[P]His values seem old-fashioned.他的价值观念似乎陈旧了。
vt. 1. 估价,评价[(+at)] That watch was valued at $100. 那只表估计值一百美元。
I value this necklace at $5,000.我估计这条项链值五千美元。
2. 尊重;重视,珍视
My father values honesty beyond all things.我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。
10. bother vt. 1. 烦扰,打搅
I can't bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那点小事去打扰他。
2. 使恼怒The way my brother talked to mother bothered me.我兄弟对母亲说话的那副模样惹我恼火。
3. 使困惑,使不安The complexities of interpersonal relations bothered her.人际关系的复杂情况使她困惑不已。
4. (用于命令式)让...见鬼去
vi. 1. 烦恼,担心[(+with/about)]Don't bother about that trifling matter.别为那件小事烦恼。
2. 麻烦,费心[(+with/about)][+to-v][+v-ing]You needn't bother to come to my office.你不必特地来我办公室。
n. 1. 烦恼,麻烦[U]
We had a lot of bother finding a vacant apartment.我们费了不少周折才找到一套空闲的公寓房间。
2. 使人烦恼的人(或事物)[S]Tom is a bother to his teacher.汤姆使他老师大伤脑筋。
11. promise n. 1. 承诺,诺言[C][(+of)][+(that)][+to-v]
Give me your promise that you'll never be late again.答应我你绝不再迟到了。
2. 希望,前途The young man shows promise as a poet.这位青年有成为诗人的希望。
make a promise 许诺 keep a promise遵守诺言 carry out a promise履行诺言 break a promise不守诺言
3. promise 意为"指望，希望，前途"，是不可数名词。 promising 是形容词，意为"有希望的，有前途的"。例如：
My son is showing great promise as a painter.我儿子很有希望成为一名画家。
He is a lawyer of promise.(=He is a promising lawyer.)他是一位有前途的律师。
vt. 1. 允诺,答应[+to-v][+that][O1][O5]
He promised me the book.他答应给我这本书。
He promised to help us.他答应要帮助我们。
I can't give you the book; I've promised it to Susan.我不能把这本书给你;我已经答应给苏珊了。
2. 给人以...的指望;有...的可能[+to-v]
It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有希望是个好天气。
She promises to be a good wife. 她会成为一位好太太。
常用于 promise sth., promise sth. to sb., promise to do sth, promise(sb.)that...。
He promised to pick me up tomorrow evening.他答应明天晚上来接我。
I can't give you the book.I have promised it to Susan.我不能把书给你了，我已经答应苏珊了。
Our teacher promised us that she would come to watch our football match.我们老师已经答应来看我们的足球比赛。
vi. 1. 允诺,做出保证 2. 有指望,有前途[Q]
That project promises well.那个工程很有希望成功。
-Can you buy me a computer if I pass the exam, Dad?爸爸，如果我通过了考试了，你能给我买一台电脑吗？ -Yes,I promise.好吧，我保证买。
12． bear vt. 1. 支持,承受;承担
Mrs. Ann Bader bears all expenses.安妮·巴德太太承担一切费用。
2. 运送;携带;带走[O]
3. 忍受;经得起[+to-v][+v-ing][+that][O2]
He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him.他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。
I can't bear to see you like this.我不忍见你这样。
I don't feel very well. I can't bear this weather.我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。
4. 容许 5. 佩带;拥有;具有 6. 写有,印有,带有
Her face bore signs of tears.她的脸上带着泪痕。
7. 怀有,对...抱有[O1][(+for/against)]
8. 生(小孩)[O1];开(花);结(果) She has borne five children.她生了五个孩子。
vi. 1. 承受重量(或压力)
Those bamboo beams will not bear.这几根竹制的横梁承受不住压力。
2. 用力推(或挤,压) 3. 开花结果
Our apple trees will bear well this year.今年我们的苹果树会结许多果实。
4. (依一定方向)延伸
bear n.[C] 1. 熊;似熊的动物 2. 鲁莽的人;笨拙的人
He is a bear at mathematics.他是个数学天才。
13.die down （风、雨等）逐渐变弱；平息 = to become less strong or violent；（车辆等）慢慢停下；（火等）渐渐熄灭
The fire/wind is dying down.火熄灭了。/风停了。
The excitement soon died down.激动很快就过去了。
die out 死光；灭绝；不流失；消失 = to disappear completely; become extinct.
die away （声音、风、光等）渐渐消失 = to become gradually less and less and finally stop.
die of 死于疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等因素。
die from 死于疾病；死于伤口、缺水、污染等间接原因。
die for 为……而死。
Unit18.
1. mild a. 1. 温和的,温柔的
He is the mildest man alive.他是世上最和善的人了。
2. 温暖的,暖和的 It's been a mild winter this year.今年的冬天一直很暖和。
3. 味淡的,不浓烈的 Please make my drink a mild one.请把我的酒调得淡一点。
4. 轻微的,不重的;宽大的He was given a mild punishment.他被从轻发落。
2. spring n. 1. 春季,春天[U][C] 2. 旺盛时期;青春年少时期[U] 3. 跳跃[C]
He rose with a spring and dashed out the door.他一跃而起,奔出门去。
4. 弹簧[C] 5. 弹力;活力[U][S] There's little spring in this sofa. 这张沙发几乎没什么弹性。
6. 泉[P1] 7. 根源,源泉[C] Her vanity was the spring of her unhappiness.她的虚荣心是她不幸的起因。 8. 动机[C]
vi. 1. 跳,跃 2. 弹起,弹开,反弹 The lid sprang open.盖子啪地一声弹开了。
3. 飞快地行动[(+to)]He sprang to his feet and rushed out of the room.他跳起身奔出了房间。
4. 突然出现,涌现[(+up)] 5. 源(于),来(自)[(+from)]A cry of anger sprang from the crowd.从人群中发出了愤怒的叫声。
vt. 1. 使弹起,使弹开 2. 使弹成某种状况 He sprang the lock open.他开了锁。
3. 突然提出(或作出)
Our regiment sprang a surprise attack on the enemy position.我团对敌人的阵地发动了一次突击。
3. heat vt.
1. 把...加热;使暖[(+up)] The stove heats the room.暖炉使房间温暖起来。
2. 使激动;刺激
vi. 1. 变热,发热[(+up)]The water is heating on the stove.炉子上的水在热起来。
2. 激动起来;发怒
n. 1. 热度;温度[U]The sun gives off heat.太阳散发出热。
2. 暑热;高温[U][S1] You can't walk about in this heat.你不能在酷暑中到处走。
3. 热烈;激烈;激怒[U]In the heat of the argument I lost my self-control.在激烈的争论中,我失去了自制力
4.settle的用法
⑴settle表示"（使）定居，（使）安身"，作为及物动词、不及物动词用都可以。
Many foreigners have settled in China in recent years.很多外国人现在已经在中国定居了。
He settled himself in his chair.他很书地坐在椅子上。
⑵settle作为不及物动词，还表示"解决、了结"，比如：
You ought to settle your affairs before you go into hospital for operation.在你住院接受手术之前，你应该把事情料理妥当。
We'll do it tomorrow!That's settled.我们明天干，就这样定了。
⑶settle还可以表示"使平静；使镇静" 比如：
This medicine can settle your nerves.这药能镇静你的神经。
I try to settle these excited children,which is unsuccessful.我试着使这些兴奋的孩子们安静下来，但是徒劳无功。
⑷settle down有下列含义：
①（在活动过后）安适地坐下或躺下。如：
He settled down in his armchair to read a new book.他坐在扶手椅上阅读一本新书。
②settle （sb.）down （使）镇静；（使）平静。如：
The children had settled down before the teacher started his lesson.孩子们安静下来，老师开始上课。
③settle （down） to sth 专心做某事。如：
I can't settle to anything today.It is terrible.我今天无法静下心去做任何事，太糟糕了。
④settle down 立身；安顿。如：
settle down well in a new job在新的工作中安顿下来
5.possession n.占有；拥有；所有权；pl. 所有物；占有物；财产
⑴take possession of 获得，占有；占据；占领
Our soldiers have taken possession of that city.我们的战士占领了那座城市。
⑵come into possession of 获得
He came into possession of a great number of books.他获得了大量的书籍。
⑶have possession of/in possession占有；拥有；持有
Mr.Smith has possession of many stamps.史密斯先生有许多邮票。
⑷in sb's possession/ in the possession of sb. 在某人手中；由某人掌握
The keys are in his possession. 钥匙由他掌管
Is this dictionary in the possession of your brother?这本字典是你兄弟的吗？
⑸a man of great possessions 富人
⑹lose all one's possessions 失去某人所有的财产
possess vt.拥有……；使拥有……
be possessed of 拥有……
He is possessed of a large vocabulary.他的词汇量很大。
possessive a.所有的；占有的；所有格的；物主的
a possessive pronoun 物主代词
6. bold a.
1. 英勇的,无畏的;大胆的[+to-v] Mr. Jordan made a bold speech.乔丹先生做了一次大胆的演讲。
2. 放肆的,厚颜无耻的 She was hurt by his bold remark.她被他唐突无礼的话所伤害。
3. 显著的,轮廓清晰的 4. 险峻的 5. (字等)粗笔画的,黑体的[Z]
His drawings were done in a few bold lines.他的画以几笔粗线挥就。
6. 活跃的,无拘束的He drew on his bold imagination in composing music.他凭借自由驰骋的想像力作曲。 7. 鲁莽的,冒失的
7.relation的用法及派生词
⑴relation n.家人，亲人；关系，联系；pl.关系交往
He is a near relation of mine.他是我的以为近亲。
Some of my relations,my mother's aunt and uncle,live in America.我有些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔，住在美国。
I have broken off all relations with that fellow.我已和那家伙断绝一切关系。
the relation between wages and prices工资和物价的关系
friendly relations友好关系。
⑵含有relation的常见词组
have relations with 和……有关系 have relation to 有关；和……有关系
in(with) relation to 关于……，就……而论 make relation to 提及……，读到……
relation by marriage 姻亲，裙带关系
⑶其派生词有：
relate v.联系；涉及 relative adj.有关系的 n.亲戚；relativity n.相关；相对性 relationgship n.关系
8. export vt. 1. 输出,出品
We export rice but import wheat.我们出口稻米,但进口小麦。
vi. 1. 输出物资[(+to)] Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。
Export n. 1. 输出,出口[U]
Half of our products are for export.我们有一半产品出口。
2. 输出品;输出额[P] Rubber is the country's principal export.橡胶是该国主要出口物。
9. ship n.[C] 1. 船,舰They crossed the Pacific by ship.他们乘船横渡太平洋。
2. 【口】(大型)飞机;宇宙飞船;飞艇
vt. 1. 用船运
The goods were shipped to the island last week.货物于上周用船运往该岛。
2. 邮寄;运送,装运
The coal will be shipped by rail.这些煤将用火车装运。
vi. 1. 上船,乘船 2. 当船员 3. 乘船旅行
We are shipping for Hong Kong. 我们乘船去香港。
10. sail n. 1. 帆,蓬[C][U] 2. 乘船航行,乘船游览[S] They took a sail to Dover.他们乘船去多佛。
3. 帆状物;(风车的)翼板[C]
vi. 1. 航行,(坐船)游览 2. 启航,开船
Our ship sails tomorrow for Hong Kong.我们的船明天启航前往香港。
vt. 1. 在...上航行;飘过;飞过Clouds are sailing the skies.云在天空飘移。
2. 驾驶(船)Can you sail a boat?你会驾船吗?
10. Camp n.1. 野营;营地;兵营;帐篷[C][U]
The travellers set up a camp near the river.旅游者在河边架起了帐篷。
2. 拘留营[C] 3. 阵营;拥护某一主义(或党派等)的人们[C][G]
vi. 1. 扎营;宿营;露营
Where shall we camp tonight?今夜我们在哪儿露营?
vt.1. 使扎营住宿2. 临时安顿
They camped the quake victims in tents.他们把地震受害者暂时安顿在帐篷里。
14.give up 放弃（=to stop having or doing）；断绝关系（=to stop having a relationship with）;让给（=to deliver or to allow to pass to someone else）,与to连用。
You should give up smoking.你应该戒烟。
She gave up a lot of her friends when she got married.她结婚之后，没有与她的朋友来往了。
Give your seat up to the old man。请给这位老人让个座。
⑴give in 屈服 (=allow oneself to be beaten);投降（=surrender）;交来（=hand in）
I gave in to temptation and had a cigarette.我挡不住烟瘾，抽了支烟。
The boys fought until one gave in.孩子们打架直到其中一个人停下来。
Give your exam papers in (to the teacher) when you've finished.做完之后把卷子交给老师。
⑵give out 放出；发出；（=to send out）;耗尽（=to come to an end; be completely used up）
如：His patience gave out.他失去耐心。
The radio is giving out a strange signal.收音机发出奇怪的信号。
⑶give away 赠送（=to get rid of by giving）;泄露（=to give information about;to tell a secret）
Why did he give away his friends?他为什么出卖他的朋友？
The books will be given away to the poor children.这些书将送给贫困的孩子们。
"动词+up"构成的常用短语有：
bring up 抚养；教育；吐出 make up 组成；构成；弥补；捏造
pick up 拾起；接收；偶然学会；便宜买到 put up 举起；张贴
stay up 挺住；熬夜 set up 建起 take up 拿起；占据；从事
turn up 调高（音量）；出现；露面 keep up 保持住 hold up 延缓；阻挡
14.各种"会议；聚会"的区别
meeting,conference,gathering和party这几个词都可以表示"会议；聚会"，但它们的使用范围不同。meeting指一般性会议，指人们为讨论或解决某个问题而集合在一起，使用最广泛，可用于各种场合，"参加会议"，一般可以说成"hold（have） a meeting"，"召集会议"可以说成call a meeting,"主持会议"说成preside over (chair) a meeting.conference是专门性的正式会议。gathering == get-together,指非正式的集合，常用于群众性的社交活动、联欢会等。a public gathering指公众集合。party是指社交性或娱乐性集合，多半有庆祝或喜庆的宴会和舞会。主任"举行宴会"说成give（或have） a dinner party.客人"参加宴会"说成attend a dinner party,不可说成take part in a dinner party.
Where does the meeting take place?会议在什么地方举行？
Who will attend the international conference in New York?谁将参加在纽约的国际会议。
There was a gathering at her house yesterday.昨天在她家里举行了一次联欢会。
I was invited to her birthday party.我应邀参加了哀痛的生日宴会。
1.beyond的用法
⑴在……的那一边，越过；超过，晚于；出乎，为……所不能及。
The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那一边。
We saw peak beyond peak.我们看见重重的山峰。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外面停留到十点钟以后还不回家。
He never sees beyond the present.他从未看到将来。
Your work is beyond all praise.你的作品让人赞扬不尽。
He lives beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。
⑵beyond adv.在远处；再往前去
Indian and the lands beyond.印度及印度那边的国家
What is beyond?再往前面是什么？
2.方位介词的用法区别
在英语中，表示方向的介词有in,to,on.短语有"防卫副词+of+地点名词"。in表示在范围之内，to或on表示在范围之后，但当只强调方向时用to，需强调接壤用on，off表示在"离……不远的地方"；"方位副词of+地点名词"通常表示在范围以外；例如：
Taiwan is in the east of China.台湾在中国的东边。
Henan is to the north of Hunan.河南在湖南的北边。
Hunan is to/on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南边。
There is a gas station just off the main road.大路边不远地地方有一座加油站。
The ship sank just two miles off the coast.船在离海岸两英里的地方沉了。
Is Canada north or south of the United States?加拿大在美国的北边还是南边呢？
Twenty kilometers south of the city is a nature park for milu deer.这座城市以难20千米处是一个麋鹿公园。
3.倍数的表达法
用英语表达倍数概念可能用以下几种句型：
（1）"A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B"
This room is twice as large as that one.这个房间比那个房间大2倍。
（2)"A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B"
This book is three times longer than that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。（即长两倍）
（3)"A+be+倍数+the+名词+of+B"
This book is three times the length of that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。
This room is twice the size of that one.这个房间比那个房间大1倍。
（4）"The+名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B"
The length of Line AB is four times that of Line CD.AB线段是线段CD的4倍长。
（5）此外，表示倍数还有一引起特殊的表达。例如：
I'm twice/double his age.我的年龄是他的两倍。
I've paid three times the usual price for the ticket.我出了三倍于往常的价格买这张票。
4.插入语小结
（1）插入语是英语口语中常见的语法现象，用来对一句话，某一个词或词组做些附加的解释和说明，或在两句之间起连接作用。通常用一个逗号把它与句子隔开，位置比较灵活。可以用作插入语的有：副词、不定式、分词、介词短评和句子等。例如：
I don't want to see it;besides ,I'm too tired.我不想去看，再说，我也累了。
To be honest,I don't like her at all.老实说，我一点也不喜欢她。
He rang up all his friends in the pop world,including the most famous pop stars.他打电话给歌坛上的所有朋友，包括最著名的流行歌星。
Americans eat a lot lf meat,too much in my pinion.美国人吃肉食多，依我看太多。
Some animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one.有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们睡的不那么深沉。
He will lose the game,I'm afraid.恐怕他会输。
You are definitely right,I think.我认为你绝对是对的。
（2）插入语与全句无直接关系。但当疑问句中带有插入语时，要在原句中使用陈述语序。类似的插入语还有do you believe/imagine/expect/suppose,I'm afraid,I dare say（我认为）,I know /believe/hope/think,you know,to tell the truth（说实话），for example等。
Who do you think could do such a thing?你认为谁会做这样的事？
（此句中不可以使用whom，因为whom不是think的宾语，这句话中的do you think是插入语，原句应为who could do such a thing?）
5.mark的用法
⑴mark n.标志，分数，痕迹，记号
put a mark 做记号 a pig with a white mark一头有白班点的猪
a man of mark 一个有影响的人，著名的人。
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
He leaves his mark on everyone he teaches.他给每一个所教的人留下了印象。
He fired but missed the mark.他开枪射击却没击中目标。
The Mark 4 gun is stronger than the old M-3.四型炮比旧式三型炮火力更猛。
⑵mark vt.做标记于，大分数，标志
a muddy road marked with footprints留有足迹的泥路
Mark carefully how it is done.注意怎样做。
An old castle marks the town.一个古堡使这个市镇著称。
The leopard's skin is marked with black spots.豹身上有黑斑纹。
Today's ceremony marks 100 years of trade between our two countries.今天的仪式是纪念我们两国间的贸易往来100年。
He looked at the clock.It marked two.他看了看钟，时针指向2点。
Each morning the teacher marks the pupils present,absent or late.每天早上，老师都记下学生们到校、旷课以及迟到等出勤情况。
6.by的用法
⑴by在表示时间时作"在……前"或"不迟于……"解，它后面接表示一个时间点的名词作宾语，句中常用完成时态。
Can you finish it by tomorrow?你能在明天以前完成吗？
⑵by,by the time,by then等引导的时间状语表示的是到某一时间点为止的一个情况或结果，因此主句中的谓语动词常常是状态性的或结果性的，而不是行为性的。句中谓语动词一般用状态性动词或行为性动词的完成时形式。如：
By the time you come back,your new clothes with be ready.到你回来的时候，你的新衣服已经做好了。
By the time my father came back,I was asleep.我父亲回来的时候，我已经睡着了。
By then I knew that I wanted to be when I grew up.到那时我已懂得我长大以后要干什么。
By the end of the next month,I shall have finished writing this new book.到下个月为止，我将写完这本新书。
⑶by为副词， =near在附近
He did that when nobody was by.当没有人在旁边时，他干了那件事。
⑷by为副词，=past经过
He hurried by without a word.我匆匆经过，没说一句话。
by表示"经过"时，可与往来性的动词连用，如：come,go,walk,hurry,run pass,ger,drive,fly,sail等。
⑸by为介词，=near靠近，但by要比near表示的距离更近
Come and sit by me.来坐在我旁边。
⑹by为介词，=past 从……旁经过
He walked by me without a word.他一声不吭从我旁边经过
⑺by意为"靠""用""通过"，=by means of，作方式状语
He made a living by writing.他靠写作为生。
She made progress by the time you get there.她靠努力学习而取得进步。
⑻by为介词，=not later than不迟于
It will get dark by the time you get there.你到那儿时，天就黑了。
Take the medicine and you will get well by supper.把这药吃了，到晚饭时你就会好。
⑼by表示增减程度。如：
As a result of the dam.the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63meters.由于这个水坝的原因，湖的水位将升高63米。
We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了这场比赛。
He is older by four years than John.== He is four years older than John. 他比约翰大四岁。
7.remain的用法
⑴用作不及物动词，意为"逗留""留下""剩下"。如：
The children remained out because of the good weather.由于天气晴朗，孩子们继续呆在室外嬉戏。
He has to remain in hospital until he was better.他不得不住院，直到身体好转。
After the fire,very little remained of my house.火灾之后，我家所剩无几。
⑵表示"留在某地"时 remain和stay同义。如：remain/saty there呆在那里，但只能说stay at home，不能说remain at home。
⑶remain用作连系动词，意为"仍然是""还是"，后接形容词、名词、v-ing、过于分词、介词短语或其他作表语。如：
He remained silent.他保持沉默。
She remains unmarried.她仍然单身。
Man remained a hunter for thousands of years.人类的狩猎时期有数千年之久。
We will remain in regular contact with them.我们将和他们保持经常的联系。
After the earthquake,very few houses remained standing.地震后很少房子未倒塌。
A lot of work remained to be done.许多工作还没做完。
1． inspire vt. 1. 鼓舞,激励,驱使
His speech inspired us to try again.他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。
The scientists inspired us to study harder.科学家们鼓励我们更加努力地学习。
Her words inspired us with hope.他的话给我们以希望。
2. 赋予...灵感,给...以启示
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.美丽的景色使作曲家灵思泉涌。
The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to write their great poetry.
西子湖的美景给许多诗人创造伟大诗歌的灵感。
3. 激起,唤起(感情,思想等)[(+in/with)]
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
4. 引起,产生;煽动
The riot was inspired by extremists.暴乱是由极端主义者鼓动的。
vi.1. 吸气2. 赋予灵感
⑴inspired a. 有创造力的；受灵感启发的
The artist told me that was an inspired work of art.
⑵inspiring a. 鼓舞人的；给人以灵感的
It is inspiring that our team has won the game.我们队赢了，真是令人振奋。
⑶inspiration n.[U]鼓舞；激励；灵感；[C]鼓舞人心的人（或事）
These events provided the inspiration for her first novel.这些事给了她创造第一部小说的灵感。
She is an inspiration to all who knows her.她的事迹鼓舞着所有了解她的人。
2．Admire vt.1. 钦佩;欣赏[(+for)]
We admire her for her diplomatic tact.我们佩服她的外交手腕。
We admired him all the more for his frankness.他的率直使我们对他更加敬佩。
He admires your poems very much.他非常欣赏你的诗。
2. 称赞,夸奖
He admired her new hat.他称赞她的新帽子。
3. (常用作反语)对...不胜佩服
3． Generous a. 1. 慷慨的,大方的[(+with/in/to)]
She is generous in giving help.她乐于助人。
He was generous to everybody with money.他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。
2. 宽宏大量的,宽厚的[(+to/towards)]
He is generous towards his subordinates.他待部属很宽厚。
3. 大量的;丰富的;丰盛的
She gave me a generous lunch.她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。
4. mean a. 1. 吝啬的,小气的[(+about/over/with)]
Her husband is very mean about money.她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
2. 卑鄙的,心地不好的[(+to)] That was a mean trick! 那是一个卑劣的诡计!
vt.
1. (言词等)表示...的意思[+(that)] What does the phrase mean?这短语是什么意思?
2. 意指,意谓[+(that)][+wh-] I realized what he meant.我明白他的意思了。
By "the cities" I mean the big cities in particular.我所说的"城市"主要是指大城市。
Don't think I am joking; I mean business.不要以为我是在开玩笑,我可是当真的。
3. 意欲,意图,打算[+to-v][O1][O2] I mean her no harm.我无意伤害她。
Do you mean to go without money?你想身无分文就走吗?
4. 意味;有...的意义[+(that)][+v-ing][(+to)]
To a certain extent, to raise wages means increasing purchasing power.在一定程度上,提高工资意味着增加购买力。
5. 指定;预定[H][(+for)][+to-v] The apartment was originally meant for five. 这套房间本来是准备给五口人住的。
Vi 1. 用意
5． tense a. 1. 拉紧的,绷紧的
The ropes are tense.这些绳子是拉紧的。
2. (心理或神经)紧张的;引起紧张的The situation suddenly became tense.局势突然变得紧张起来。
The defendant was extremely tense.被告极为紧张。
vt. 1. 使拉紧,使绷紧;使紧张[(+up)]All his muscles were tensed.他的肌肉全都绷紧了。
vi. 1. 拉紧,绷紧;变得紧张[(+up)]She tensed at the approaching footsteps.她听到越来越近的脚步声马上紧张了起来。
tense a.
1. 【语】(动词的)时态,时式[C][U]
Change this verb from the present into the past tense. 把这个动词从现在时改为过去时
6. dull a. 1. (色彩等)不鲜明的,晦暗的;无光泽的
2. 不明显的,隐约的,模糊的He had a dull pain in the chest.他胸部隐隐作痛。
3. (天气等)阴沉的,昏暗的It's very dull today but I don't think it'll rain.今天天气很阴暗,但我认为不会下雨。
4. 乏味的,单调的,令人生厌的The story is dull.这个故事乏味得很。
5. 愚钝的,笨的;迟钝的,不敏感的All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 6. 钝的,不锋利的 7. 不活跃的,呆滞的
vt. 1. 弄钝;使迟钝
His hearing was dulled by age.他的听觉因上了年纪而变得迟钝了。
2. 使阴暗 3. 缓和;减轻(痛苦等);使不活跃
vi. 1. 变得迟钝 2. (兴趣,痛苦等)减少;减轻
7. threaten vt.
1. 威胁,恐吓;扬言要[(+with)][+to-v][+that] 常用threaten sb. with sth."以……恐吓某人"；和threaten to do sth.威胁说要做……He threatened to call the police.他威胁着要叫警察。
He threatened me with a knife.他用刀威胁我。
2. 预示,是...的征兆;有...的危险[+to-v]Dark skies threatened rain.天空发黑预示要下雨。
vi. 1. 威胁,恐吓I don't mean to threaten.我没有威胁的意思。
2. 似将发生,可能来临
n. 恐吓；威胁；前兆；既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。
He is not afraid of threat(s).他不畏惧恐吓。 Terrorism is a threat to the whole world.
⑵threatening anj. 恐吓的；威胁的 He received a threatening letter.他收到了一封恐吓信。
8. regret vt.
1. 懊悔;因...而遗憾[+v-ing][+that] I regret that you see it like that. 你这样看待这件事,我很遗憾。
I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
I regret the loss of her friendship.我为失去她的友谊而遗憾。
2. 痛惜;哀悼;思念I regret his death.我对他的逝世痛惜不已。
3. 为...抱歉,遗憾 [+to-v][+that] I regret to say that I am unable to help you.很抱歉,我爱莫能助。
vi.1. 感到后悔;感到抱歉;遗憾
Those who have not bought insurance are now regretting.那些没有买保险的人现在后悔了。
n. 1. 懊悔,悔恨;抱歉,遗憾[U][C][(+at/for)]Shelley had no regrets for his actions.雪莱对他的行为一点都不感到后悔。
He felt no shame and no regret.他既不感到羞愧也不感到遗憾。
2. 哀悼,悲叹[U][(+over)]
He expressed regret over the death of your father.他对你父亲的逝世表示哀悼。
3. 表示谢绝的短柬[P]
Tommy sent his regrets.汤米寄来了他的谢绝函。
Please accept my regrets at having to refuse.恳辞,谨致歉意。
9. value n. 1. 重要性,益处[S][U]
This dictionary is of little value to you.这本词典对你没有什么帮助。
2. 价值;价格[C][U] The value of the dollar may fall.美元的币值可能下降。
3. 等值;等价物[U] This car is good value for your money.这辆汽车你买得很合算。
4. 价值观,价值基准[P]His values seem old-fashioned.他的价值观念似乎陈旧了。
vt. 1. 估价,评价[(+at)] That watch was valued at $100. 那只表估计值一百美元。
I value this necklace at $5,000.我估计这条项链值五千美元。
2. 尊重;重视,珍视
My father values honesty beyond all things.我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。
10. bother vt. 1. 烦扰,打搅
I can't bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那点小事去打扰他。
2. 使恼怒The way my brother talked to mother bothered me.我兄弟对母亲说话的那副模样惹我恼火。
3. 使困惑,使不安The complexities of interpersonal relations bothered her.人际关系的复杂情况使她困惑不已。
4. (用于命令式)让...见鬼去
vi. 1. 烦恼,担心[(+with/about)]Don't bother about that trifling matter.别为那件小事烦恼。
2. 麻烦,费心[(+with/about)][+to-v][+v-ing]You needn't bother to come to my office.你不必特地来我办公室。
n. 1. 烦恼,麻烦[U]
We had a lot of bother finding a vacant apartment.我们费了不少周折才找到一套空闲的公寓房间。
2. 使人烦恼的人(或事物)[S]Tom is a bother to his teacher.汤姆使他老师大伤脑筋。
11. promise n. 1. 承诺,诺言[C][(+of)][+(that)][+to-v]
Give me your promise that you'll never be late again.答应我你绝不再迟到了。
2. 希望,前途The young man shows promise as a poet.这位青年有成为诗人的希望。
make a promise 许诺 keep a promise遵守诺言 carry out a promise履行诺言 break a promise不守诺言
3. promise 意为"指望，希望，前途"，是不可数名词。 promising 是形容词，意为"有希望的，有前途的"。例如：
My son is showing great promise as a painter.我儿子很有希望成为一名画家。
He is a lawyer of promise.(=He is a promising lawyer.)他是一位有前途的律师。
vt. 1. 允诺,答应[+to-v][+that][O1][O5]
He promised me the book.他答应给我这本书。
He promised to help us.他答应要帮助我们。
I can't give you the book; I've promised it to Susan.我不能把这本书给你;我已经答应给苏珊了。
2. 给人以...的指望;有...的可能[+to-v]
It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有希望是个好天气。
She promises to be a good wife. 她会成为一位好太太。
常用于 promise sth., promise sth. to sb., promise to do sth, promise(sb.)that...。
He promised to pick me up tomorrow evening.他答应明天晚上来接我。
I can't give you the book.I have promised it to Susan.我不能把书给你了，我已经答应苏珊了。
Our teacher promised us that she would come to watch our football match.我们老师已经答应来看我们的足球比赛。
vi. 1. 允诺,做出保证 2. 有指望,有前途[Q]
That project promises well.那个工程很有希望成功。
-Can you buy me a computer if I pass the exam, Dad?爸爸，如果我通过了考试了，你能给我买一台电脑吗？ -Yes,I promise.好吧，我保证买。
12． bear vt. 1. 支持,承受;承担
Mrs. Ann Bader bears all expenses.安妮·巴德太太承担一切费用。
2. 运送;携带;带走[O]
3. 忍受;经得起[+to-v][+v-ing][+that][O2]
He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him.他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。
I can't bear to see you like this.我不忍见你这样。
I don't feel very well. I can't bear this weather.我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。
4. 容许 5. 佩带;拥有;具有 6. 写有,印有,带有
Her face bore signs of tears.她的脸上带着泪痕。
7. 怀有,对...抱有[O1][(+for/against)]
8. 生(小孩)[O1];开(花);结(果) She has borne five children.她生了五个孩子。
vi. 1. 承受重量(或压力)
Those bamboo beams will not bear.这几根竹制的横梁承受不住压力。
2. 用力推(或挤,压) 3. 开花结果
Our apple trees will bear well this year.今年我们的苹果树会结许多果实。
4. (依一定方向)延伸
bear n.[C] 1. 熊;似熊的动物 2. 鲁莽的人;笨拙的人
He is a bear at mathematics.他是个数学天才。
13.die down （风、雨等）逐渐变弱；平息 = to become less strong or violent；（车辆等）慢慢停下；（火等）渐渐熄灭
The fire/wind is dying down.火熄灭了。/风停了。
The excitement soon died down.激动很快就过去了。
die out 死光；灭绝；不流失；消失 = to disappear completely; become extinct.
die away （声音、风、光等）渐渐消失 = to become gradually less and less and finally stop.
die of 死于疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等因素。
die from 死于疾病；死于伤口、缺水、污染等间接原因。
die for 为……而死。
Unit18.
1. mild a. 1. 温和的,温柔的
He is the mildest man alive.他是世上最和善的人了。
2. 温暖的,暖和的 It's been a mild winter this year.今年的冬天一直很暖和。
3. 味淡的,不浓烈的 Please make my drink a mild one.请把我的酒调得淡一点。
4. 轻微的,不重的;宽大的He was given a mild punishment.他被从轻发落。
2. spring n. 1. 春季,春天[U][C] 2. 旺盛时期;青春年少时期[U] 3. 跳跃[C]
He rose with a spring and dashed out the door.他一跃而起,奔出门去。
4. 弹簧[C] 5. 弹力;活力[U][S] There's little spring in this sofa. 这张沙发几乎没什么弹性。
6. 泉[P1] 7. 根源,源泉[C] Her vanity was the spring of her unhappiness.她的虚荣心是她不幸的起因。 8. 动机[C]
vi. 1. 跳,跃 2. 弹起,弹开,反弹 The lid sprang open.盖子啪地一声弹开了。
3. 飞快地行动[(+to)]He sprang to his feet and rushed out of the room.他跳起身奔出了房间。
4. 突然出现,涌现[(+up)] 5. 源(于),来(自)[(+from)]A cry of anger sprang from the crowd.从人群中发出了愤怒的叫声。
vt. 1. 使弹起,使弹开 2. 使弹成某种状况 He sprang the lock open.他开了锁。
3. 突然提出(或作出)
Our regiment sprang a surprise attack on the enemy position.我团对敌人的阵地发动了一次突击。
3. heat vt.
1. 把...加热;使暖[(+up)] The stove heats the room.暖炉使房间温暖起来。
2. 使激动;刺激
vi. 1. 变热,发热[(+up)]The water is heating on the stove.炉子上的水在热起来。
2. 激动起来;发怒
n. 1. 热度;温度[U]The sun gives off heat.太阳散发出热。
2. 暑热;高温[U][S1] You can't walk about in this heat.你不能在酷暑中到处走。
3. 热烈;激烈;激怒[U]In the heat of the argument I lost my self-control.在激烈的争论中,我失去了自制力
4.settle的用法
⑴settle表示"（使）定居，（使）安身"，作为及物动词、不及物动词用都可以。
Many foreigners have settled in China in recent years.很多外国人现在已经在中国定居了。
He settled himself in his chair.他很书地坐在椅子上。
⑵settle作为不及物动词，还表示"解决、了结"，比如：
You ought to settle your affairs before you go into hospital for operation.在你住院接受手术之前，你应该把事情料理妥当。
We'll do it tomorrow!That's settled.我们明天干，就这样定了。
⑶settle还可以表示"使平静；使镇静" 比如：
This medicine can settle your nerves.这药能镇静你的神经。
I try to settle these excited children,which is unsuccessful.我试着使这些兴奋的孩子们安静下来，但是徒劳无功。
⑷settle down有下列含义：
①（在活动过后）安适地坐下或躺下。如：
He settled down in his armchair to read a new book.他坐在扶手椅上阅读一本新书。
②settle （sb.）down （使）镇静；（使）平静。如：
The children had settled down before the teacher started his lesson.孩子们安静下来，老师开始上课。
③settle （down） to sth 专心做某事。如：
I can't settle to anything today.It is terrible.我今天无法静下心去做任何事，太糟糕了。
④settle down 立身；安顿。如：
settle down well in a new job在新的工作中安顿下来
5.possession n.占有；拥有；所有权；pl. 所有物；占有物；财产
⑴take possession of 获得，占有；占据；占领
Our soldiers have taken possession of that city.我们的战士占领了那座城市。
⑵come into possession of 获得
He came into possession of a great number of books.他获得了大量的书籍。
⑶have possession of/in possession占有；拥有；持有
Mr.Smith has possession of many stamps.史密斯先生有许多邮票。
⑷in sb's possession/ in the possession of sb. 在某人手中；由某人掌握
The keys are in his possession. 钥匙由他掌管
Is this dictionary in the possession of your brother?这本字典是你兄弟的吗？
⑸a man of great possessions 富人
⑹lose all one's possessions 失去某人所有的财产
possess vt.拥有……；使拥有……
be possessed of 拥有……
He is possessed of a large vocabulary.他的词汇量很大。
possessive a.所有的；占有的；所有格的；物主的
a possessive pronoun 物主代词
6. bold a.
1. 英勇的,无畏的;大胆的[+to-v] Mr. Jordan made a bold speech.乔丹先生做了一次大胆的演讲。
2. 放肆的,厚颜无耻的 She was hurt by his bold remark.她被他唐突无礼的话所伤害。
3. 显著的,轮廓清晰的 4. 险峻的 5. (字等)粗笔画的,黑体的[Z]
His drawings were done in a few bold lines.他的画以几笔粗线挥就。
6. 活跃的,无拘束的He drew on his bold imagination in composing music.他凭借自由驰骋的想像力作曲。 7. 鲁莽的,冒失的
7.relation的用法及派生词
⑴relation n.家人，亲人；关系，联系；pl.关系交往
He is a near relation of mine.他是我的以为近亲。
Some of my relations,my mother's aunt and uncle,live in America.我有些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔，住在美国。
I have broken off all relations with that fellow.我已和那家伙断绝一切关系。
the relation between wages and prices工资和物价的关系
friendly relations友好关系。
⑵含有relation的常见词组
have relations with 和……有关系 have relation to 有关；和……有关系
in(with) relation to 关于……，就……而论 make relation to 提及……，读到……
relation by marriage 姻亲，裙带关系
⑶其派生词有：
relate v.联系；涉及 relative adj.有关系的 n.亲戚；relativity n.相关；相对性 relationgship n.关系
8. export vt. 1. 输出,出品
We export rice but import wheat.我们出口稻米,但进口小麦。
vi. 1. 输出物资[(+to)] Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。
Export n. 1. 输出,出口[U]
Half of our products are for export.我们有一半产品出口。
2. 输出品;输出额[P] Rubber is the country's principal export.橡胶是该国主要出口物。
9. ship n.[C] 1. 船,舰They crossed the Pacific by ship.他们乘船横渡太平洋。
2. 【口】(大型)飞机;宇宙飞船;飞艇
vt. 1. 用船运
The goods were shipped to the island last week.货物于上周用船运往该岛。
2. 邮寄;运送,装运
The coal will be shipped by rail.这些煤将用火车装运。
vi. 1. 上船,乘船 2. 当船员 3. 乘船旅行
We are shipping for Hong Kong. 我们乘船去香港。
10. sail n. 1. 帆,蓬[C][U] 2. 乘船航行,乘船游览[S] They took a sail to Dover.他们乘船去多佛。
3. 帆状物;(风车的)翼板[C]
vi. 1. 航行,(坐船)游览 2. 启航,开船
Our ship sails tomorrow for Hong Kong.我们的船明天启航前往香港。
vt. 1. 在...上航行;飘过;飞过Clouds are sailing the skies.云在天空飘移。
2. 驾驶(船)Can you sail a boat?你会驾船吗?
10. Camp n.1. 野营;营地;兵营;帐篷[C][U]
The travellers set up a camp near the river.旅游者在河边架起了帐篷。
2. 拘留营[C] 3. 阵营;拥护某一主义(或党派等)的人们[C][G]
vi. 1. 扎营;宿营;露营
Where shall we camp tonight?今夜我们在哪儿露营?
vt.1. 使扎营住宿2. 临时安顿
They camped the quake victims in tents.他们把地震受害者暂时安顿在帐篷里。
14.give up 放弃（=to stop having or doing）；断绝关系（=to stop having a relationship with）;让给（=to deliver or to allow to pass to someone else）,与to连用。
You should give up smoking.你应该戒烟。
She gave up a lot of her friends when she got married.她结婚之后，没有与她的朋友来往了。
Give your seat up to the old man。请给这位老人让个座。
⑴give in 屈服 (=allow oneself to be beaten);投降（=surrender）;交来（=hand in）
I gave in to temptation and had a cigarette.我挡不住烟瘾，抽了支烟。
The boys fought until one gave in.孩子们打架直到其中一个人停下来。
Give your exam papers in (to the teacher) when you've finished.做完之后把卷子交给老师。
⑵give out 放出；发出；（=to send out）;耗尽（=to come to an end; be completely used up）
如：His patience gave out.他失去耐心。
The radio is giving out a strange signal.收音机发出奇怪的信号。
⑶give away 赠送（=to get rid of by giving）;泄露（=to give information about;to tell a secret）
Why did he give away his friends?他为什么出卖他的朋友？
The books will be given away to the poor children.这些书将送给贫困的孩子们。
"动词+up"构成的常用短语有：
bring up 抚养；教育；吐出 make up 组成；构成；弥补；捏造
pick up 拾起；接收；偶然学会；便宜买到 put up 举起；张贴
stay up 挺住；熬夜 set up 建起 take up 拿起；占据；从事
turn up 调高（音量）；出现；露面 keep up 保持住 hold up 延缓；阻挡
14.各种"会议；聚会"的区别
meeting,conference,gathering和party这几个词都可以表示"会议；聚会"，但它们的使用范围不同。meeting指一般性会议，指人们为讨论或解决某个问题而集合在一起，使用最广泛，可用于各种场合，"参加会议"，一般可以说成"hold（have） a meeting"，"召集会议"可以说成call a meeting,"主持会议"说成preside over (chair) a meeting.conference是专门性的正式会议。gathering == get-together,指非正式的集合，常用于群众性的社交活动、联欢会等。a public gathering指公众集合。party是指社交性或娱乐性集合，多半有庆祝或喜庆的宴会和舞会。主任"举行宴会"说成give（或have） a dinner party.客人"参加宴会"说成attend a dinner party,不可说成take part in a dinner party.
Where does the meeting take place?会议在什么地方举行？
Who will attend the international conference in New York?谁将参加在纽约的国际会议。
There was a gathering at her house yesterday.昨天在她家里举行了一次联欢会。
I was invited to her birthday party.我应邀参加了哀痛的生日宴会。
1.beyond的用法
⑴在……的那一边，越过；超过，晚于；出乎，为……所不能及。
The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那一边。
We saw peak beyond peak.我们看见重重的山峰。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外面停留到十点钟以后还不回家。
He never sees beyond the present.他从未看到将来。
Your work is beyond all praise.你的作品让人赞扬不尽。
He lives beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。
⑵beyond adv.在远处；再往前去
Indian and the lands beyond.印度及印度那边的国家
What is beyond?再往前面是什么？
2.方位介词的用法区别
在英语中，表示方向的介词有in,to,on.短语有"防卫副词+of+地点名词"。in表示在范围之内，to或on表示在范围之后，但当只强调方向时用to，需强调接壤用on，off表示在"离……不远的地方"；"方位副词of+地点名词"通常表示在范围以外；例如：
Taiwan is in the east of China.台湾在中国的东边。
Henan is to the north of Hunan.河南在湖南的北边。
Hunan is to/on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南边。
There is a gas station just off the main road.大路边不远地地方有一座加油站。
The ship sank just two miles off the coast.船在离海岸两英里的地方沉了。
Is Canada north or south of the United States?加拿大在美国的北边还是南边呢？
Twenty kilometers south of the city is a nature park for milu deer.这座城市以难20千米处是一个麋鹿公园。
3.倍数的表达法
用英语表达倍数概念可能用以下几种句型：
（1）"A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B"
This room is twice as large as that one.这个房间比那个房间大2倍。
（2)"A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B"
This book is three times longer than that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。（即长两倍）
（3)"A+be+倍数+the+名词+of+B"
This book is three times the length of that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。
This room is twice the size of that one.这个房间比那个房间大1倍。
（4）"The+名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B"
The length of Line AB is four times that of Line CD.AB线段是线段CD的4倍长。
（5）此外，表示倍数还有一引起特殊的表达。例如：
I'm twice/double his age.我的年龄是他的两倍。
I've paid three times the usual price for the ticket.我出了三倍于往常的价格买这张票。
4.插入语小结
（1）插入语是英语口语中常见的语法现象，用来对一句话，某一个词或词组做些附加的解释和说明，或在两句之间起连接作用。通常用一个逗号把它与句子隔开，位置比较灵活。可以用作插入语的有：副词、不定式、分词、介词短评和句子等。例如：
I don't want to see it;besides ,I'm too tired.我不想去看，再说，我也累了。
To be honest,I don't like her at all.老实说，我一点也不喜欢她。
He rang up all his friends in the pop world,including the most famous pop stars.他打电话给歌坛上的所有朋友，包括最著名的流行歌星。
Americans eat a lot lf meat,too much in my pinion.美国人吃肉食多，依我看太多。
Some animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one.有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们睡的不那么深沉。
He will lose the game,I'm afraid.恐怕他会输。
You are definitely right,I think.我认为你绝对是对的。
（2）插入语与全句无直接关系。但当疑问句中带有插入语时，要在原句中使用陈述语序。类似的插入语还有do you believe/imagine/expect/suppose,I'm afraid,I dare say（我认为）,I know /believe/hope/think,you know,to tell the truth（说实话），for example等。
Who do you think could do such a thing?你认为谁会做这样的事？
（此句中不可以使用whom，因为whom不是think的宾语，这句话中的do you think是插入语，原句应为who could do such a thing?）
5.mark的用法
⑴mark n.标志，分数，痕迹，记号
put a mark 做记号 a pig with a white mark一头有白班点的猪
a man of mark 一个有影响的人，著名的人。
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
He leaves his mark on everyone he teaches.他给每一个所教的人留下了印象。
He fired but missed the mark.他开枪射击却没击中目标。
The Mark 4 gun is stronger than the old M-3.四型炮比旧式三型炮火力更猛。
⑵mark vt.做标记于，大分数，标志
a muddy road marked with footprints留有足迹的泥路
Mark carefully how it is done.注意怎样做。
An old castle marks the town.一个古堡使这个市镇著称。
The leopard's skin is marked with black spots.豹身上有黑斑纹。
Today's ceremony marks 100 years of trade between our two countries.今天的仪式是纪念我们两国间的贸易往来100年。
He looked at the clock.It marked two.他看了看钟，时针指向2点。
Each morning the teacher marks the pupils present,absent or late.每天早上，老师都记下学生们到校、旷课以及迟到等出勤情况。
6.by的用法
⑴by在表示时间时作"在……前"或"不迟于……"解，它后面接表示一个时间点的名词作宾语，句中常用完成时态。
Can you finish it by tomorrow?你能在明天以前完成吗？
⑵by,by the time,by then等引导的时间状语表示的是到某一时间点为止的一个情况或结果，因此主句中的谓语动词常常是状态性的或结果性的，而不是行为性的。句中谓语动词一般用状态性动词或行为性动词的完成时形式。如：
By the time you come back,your new clothes with be ready.到你回来的时候，你的新衣服已经做好了。
By the time my father came back,I was asleep.我父亲回来的时候，我已经睡着了。
By then I knew that I wanted to be when I grew up.到那时我已懂得我长大以后要干什么。
By the end of the next month,I shall have finished writing this new book.到下个月为止，我将写完这本新书。
⑶by为副词， =near在附近
He did that when nobody was by.当没有人在旁边时，他干了那件事。
⑷by为副词，=past经过
He hurried by without a word.我匆匆经过，没说一句话。
by表示"经过"时，可与往来性的动词连用，如：come,go,walk,hurry,run pass,ger,drive,fly,sail等。
⑸by为介词，=near靠近，但by要比near表示的距离更近
Come and sit by me.来坐在我旁边。
⑹by为介词，=past 从……旁经过
He walked by me without a word.他一声不吭从我旁边经过
⑺by意为"靠""用""通过"，=by means of，作方式状语
He made a living by writing.他靠写作为生。
She made progress by the time you get there.她靠努力学习而取得进步。
⑻by为介词，=not later than不迟于
It will get dark by the time you get there.你到那儿时，天就黑了。
Take the medicine and you will get well by supper.把这药吃了，到晚饭时你就会好。
⑼by表示增减程度。如：
As a result of the dam.the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63meters.由于这个水坝的原因，湖的水位将升高63米。
We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了这场比赛。
He is older by four years than John.== He is four years older than John. 他比约翰大四岁。
7.remain的用法
⑴用作不及物动词，意为"逗留""留下""剩下"。如：
The children remained out because of the good weather.由于天气晴朗，孩子们继续呆在室外嬉戏。
He has to remain in hospital until he was better.他不得不住院，直到身体好转。
After the fire,very little remained of my house.火灾之后，我家所剩无几。
⑵表示"留在某地"时 remain和stay同义。如：remain/saty there呆在那里，但只能说stay at home，不能说remain at home。
⑶remain用作连系动词，意为"仍然是""还是"，后接形容词、名词、v-ing、过于分词、介词短语或其他作表语。如：
He remained silent.他保持沉默。
She remains unmarried.她仍然单身。
Man remained a hunter for thousands of years.人类的狩猎时期有数千年之久。
We will remain in regular contact with them.我们将和他们保持经常的联系。
After the earthquake,very few houses remained standing.地震后很少房子未倒塌。
A lot of work remained to be done.许多工作还没做完。
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